Dependency Theory and Colonial Heritage Essay

Many have tried to draw upon the legacy of the colonial system to explain the reasons for underdevelopment in many areas of the world. Most areas that suffer from poverty today are former colonies the developed nations, for the most part, are former metropoles. The colonizers exploited their underlings in colonies, turning them into suppliers of cheap raw materials and restricting the infrastructure construction, leaving former colonies with only basic facilities. In many cases, when the colonizers departed, the nations were left with artificial boundaries that separated them from each other without regard for their historical development. This fuelled subsequent separatism and military conflicts, hampering economic progress. Thus, if one looks at straight-line boundaries in Africa which we are now learning in DS 202, it becomes obvious that those were artificially created. The colonizers, in particular the British Empire, were suppressing the industrial development in their colonies because they viewed them as sources of cheap imports and at the same time large markets for their industrial goods. An example of north-eastern Brazil that often surfaces in literature on underdevelopment, (Taylor 2001) claims that north eastern Brazil in the 19th century would have appeared to be an ideal place for a textile industry with its high quality cotton and existing demand for sugar bags cloth and slave clothing. However, to develop the textile industry, it would take years during which the industry should have been shielded from foreign competition with import tariffs and quotas. This was surely not something Britain would allow in its colony. As a result, the fledgling Brazilian textile enterprises proved unable to withstand the competition with Britain’s textile industry. Britain, like almost any metropole, was interested in selling to the colony, not de veloping industry inside it. As of 1822, when Brazil received independence, it was a larger export market for Britain than all the rest of Latin America combined (Taylor, 2001). Naturally, even as Brazil proclaimed independence, Britain did not want to lose this lucrative market and demanded a trade treaty with Britain which prohibited import substitution tariffs (Taylor, 2001). Brazil was forced into this treaty by its political weakness. In this way, former metropolitan powers keep control of their former colonies to varying extents, blocking their effective development. In newly independent nations of Latin America, for instance, the warfare that  often preceded proclamation of independence devastated regional and national economies (Kinsbruner 1994 pg 126). Although this perspective is not universally recognised, the IMF and the World Bank for imposing policies said to aggravate third world countries. The stated goals of both institutions are certainly to spearhead economic growth in nations they service with their financial programs. Critics , however , point out that loans from the World Bank and the IMF often come with conditions that block the road to sustainable development and make poverty even worse . The Structural Adjustment Policies (SAPs) imposed by the IMF as a prerequisite for qualifying for its loans often aggravate the deplorable condition of the third world nation. Thus, SAPs often call for reduction in government expenditures for health, education and other government services for the sake of debt repayment. In this way, third world nations are dragged into the quagmire of debt repayment, as their interest provides income for Wall Street banks and other financial institutions. IMF policies urge third world countries to increase their exports of raw materials and agricultural products in to cope with debt – an immediate concern. This, however, reduces the amount of food available to the poor inside the country and can lead to starvation second, does not create conditions for building processing industries that will increase value added inside the country. Besides, the IMF often demands for liberal market reforms that involve privatisation that, without proper prepa ration and evaluation of potential consequences, can lead to loss of jobs, aggravation of the social situation and civil unrest. Such measures lead to social discontent that can hamper the development of economies in developing countries. With respect to harmful policies imposed by the fund, Amin notes that the key to development is subordination of outside relations to the logic of internal development and not the reverse as it is happening when development policies are imposed by outside financial institutions (Amin, 1995 pg 10). The harmful role of the World Bank and the IMF in the development of poor nations is by no means indisputable. However, there are many criticisms aimed at the policies that accompany loans and the very idea of reaping interest income off the populations of the nations where starvation is a widely spread phenomenon. Political Aspects. Many regions of the world that demonstrate marked third world are characterised by overt concentration of power in the hands of a rich minority that uses this power to oppress the majority. For example, the North-eastern areas of Brazil that rely on sugar production as the primary source of income are seriously underdeveloped as compared to the rest of the nation. The property patterns in this region are the history of the dominant class manipulating social, political, and economic institutions so as to expropriate the maximum possible surplus from the rural workers (Taylor, 1978 pg 57). The economic interests of the land-owning class lay in extracting as much as possible from their plantations and workers as opposed to investing in the area. The result is miserable since an area that specialises in agricultural production cannot even feed its own citizens and has to import most of its agricultural produce from the rest of the nation. With a stagnant economic situation, the north-eastern Brazil has suffered from health education, and literacy standards that ended in a peasant revolt in the 1960s (Taylor, 1978 pg 157) Regional Inequalities. Many travellers to nations lik e China, India or the Caribbean are immediately impressed by the contrast between squalor of provincial areas and the apparent luxury of large cities and some ‘advanced’ areas. Regional inequalities contribute to underdevelopment, creating a situation when some areas are on their way toward modernisation, while others are forced into the backseat of social and economic progress. The importance of regional inequalities as source of underdevelopment is explored, for instance, in Andre Gunder Frank ‘s 1989 publication The Development of Underdevelopment (Frank 1989) challenges the view that third world nations are still going through the stages that more developed countries are done with. Instead, he asserts that problems of underdeveloped areas are the inevitable result of the capitalist system. The same, in his mind, is true of the regional disparities observed in the third world countries where the capital and larger cities often stand out as oases of advancement among the generally gloomy landscape around. The underdevelopment phenomena in the province are the products of the historical development of the capitalist system no less than are the seemin gly more modern or capitalist features of the national metropoles of the third world countries Frank (1989, pg 37). Education and Training. A well-trained and educated workforce is the necessary precondition for successful economic development. The presence of a large educated population contributes to India’s current rise as an outsourcing destination, although  it has so far failed to ensure overall prosperity in this nation. This problem, for instance, is addressed in Canadian programs targeting development of Aboriginal areas. The Indian entrepreneurship has to be supported with knowledgeable workforce that will attract capital flows to the areas. Although the fact that Native Americans missed the industrial revolution ‘ has its upside, as there is no need for re-training, integration of these people into the complex web of the global economy is a serious challenge (Kendall , 2001). Similar problems are experienced by many third world countries only in their case unlike the situation of Aboriginal populations in Canada, there is no strong nation to back them up in the efforts to increase their education. Cultural Factors. Culture, to some degree, can also adversely impact development or contribute to it. The modern world is patterned to a great extent after the Western cultures of the nations that have a dominant role in this world. Those that do not fit into these patterns will not achieve success as their development would ideally proceed along different lines. An example can be the case of Africa and Native Americans in Canada. Although living in a highly developed and prosperous nation, Native Americans, South Africa and even Zimbabwe, the Aboriginals fail to attain economic well-being. One reason that precludes their success is supposed to be their culture that envisages collective ownership and sharing of resources, as opposed to the idea of individual private rights that characterizes Western culture Kendall, (2001 pg 43). Industrial technology best develops in conditions that favour private ownership however, for these countries, it often means they have to abandon their cultural values which in most cases is not the case. CONCLUSION The difficulties of modernising and developing third world countries are multiple. More often than not different factors of third world countries will be present in areas affected by this problem, intertwined and perpetuating each other. Thus, the political situation marked by elite domination perpetuates economic inequalities that in their turn cause inadequacy of educational facilities and ensuing lack of local qualified specialists. Lack of medical services can lead to absence of effective family planning measures that in their turn lead to overpopulation and then to poverty as the national GDP struggles to catch up with economic growth.  Therefore, addressing a set of problems rather than separate issues is the cornerstone for building an effective development program.

Visual Argument Analysis: Pedigree’s Otis

Pedigree’s adoption drive advertisement is an emotional appeal aimed towards consumers that own pets. Through an argument based on emotion and values, the advertisement successfully proposes a plan of action towards the consumer audience to help dogs find a home. In essence, the advertisement logically reasons, â€Å"If you buy our food, we will donate money to dogs without a home. If we donate money to dogs without a home, you will save dogs.† Through clever techniques such as direct contact in camera orientation and a personal anecdote of the puppy, Pedigree convinces the audience through appeals to emotion and values that buying their products will, indeed, save a dog’s life. Pedigree’s advertisement’s intended audience is the consumer public. However, the advertisement’s actual audience can be considered one of all ages and all backgrounds rather than simply the consumer public. For example, a child can easily be persuaded by the emotional advertisement. Once the child has been persuaded, he or she will most likely tell his or her parents to buy the product rather than a different brand simply because of the cute puppy he or she saw on the print advertisement. Ultimately, through the emotional image and story, Pedigree breaks existing consumer loyalty that competing companies have by stealing the hearts of consumers, convincing them that by buying this product, the consumer will contribute to a larger change in the world rather than simply feeding their dog. Also, by using the name Otis for the Pug’s name, an older audience is aimed towards to evoke traditional, and emotional responses. One significant factor to understand when reading the print advertisement is to have watched the move The Adventures of Milo and Otis. The movie, in short, is about a cat and a dog that helps each other survive and find mates and homes together. Obviously being an emotion-evoking movie, it is important when a reader comes across the advertisement. Pedigree’s clever decision to name the Pug Otis causes the reader to recall the movie and automatically feel emotionally attached to the puppy, making it easier for Pedigree to convince its audience to purchase the product. Through the personal anecdote and image of the dog staring through a fence, Pedigree intends to make the audience feel compassion for the dog and hopefully buy the product that is said to help the dog. The argument is carried out by using an appeal to both emotions and values. The direct gaze of the dog makes the audience feel as if it is staring directly at them. Through this, the audience is put on a guilt trip that makes them think, â€Å"I must help this dog.† If the picture is not convincing enough, the audience may move on to the text. Already a large factor in the print advertisement because of its bright yellow color, the text is an anecdote of the average day for a homeless dog like Otis. The uneventful, despairing schedule causes the audience to pity the animal making room for Pedigree to further force the audience to take action and buy the product. Essentially, the advertisement tugs at the heart’s strings in order to promote the product. One last significant technique Pedigree uses is the final sentence within the text. It says, â€Å"Help us help dogs.† Being a very abrupt, short statement, Pedigree draws attention to the sentence by making it shorter than others and putting it in a bold face. Through reading the sentence, Pedigree makes the audience feel as if they are included in Pedigree’s movement of getting homeless dogs adopted. The audience is then provoked to feel as if they can contribute their part in the movement if they buy the product to help animals find â€Å"loving homes.† All in all, Pedigree utilizes appeals to emotion, values, tradition, and reason in order to persuade the audience to buy their product. Through these, Pedigree convinces the audience that buying their product will help them save a homeless dog. Pedigree chooses to use an emotion-evoking picture, personal anecdote, background information, and loaded text in order to persuade the audience that buying Pedigree pet food will ultimately help homeless animals.

Healthcare Administrator Essay

Abstract This paper discusses and explains how I determined my chosen career field, healthcare administration. I began this paper by discussing the process of choosing not only what major you want to study, but what you will do with that degree once you graduate. I continue by discussing how and why I intend to aspire to becoming a healthcare administrator. The skills and duties that are needed to be successful were explained, along with an overview of what this career is about. Along with the responsibilities of what a healthcare administrator is faced with, I also discuss what skills I have that are going to set me apart from others and what I can bring to the table. This paper also discusses the types of technology and software that administrators should be familiar with along with why it is important to keep up with the advances in technology. An important topic that is also discussed is the challenges that are faced with this career field, and who could benefit from the talents of health care administrators. It is important to be able to provide patients with quality healthcare, and this paper discusses how healthcare administrators give them that care and how I will be able to do so in the future. Duties of Healthcare Administrators: It’s More Than Just a Desk Job Throughout our entire lives, education has been one of the foremost important things to have. It is a privilege, and we continue to learn many things along the way. As we began to grow as young adults, one question was asked by many (parents, relatives, teachers, etc.) and that was: â€Å"What do you want to be when you grow up?† That question is more important now than ever. Through elementary school, our answers were mostly fantasy dreams, such as astronaut, fireman, princess, etc. As we move up to middle school, our answers become more realistic, although still unsure of what we really long to do. High school prepares us to put one step in the door to fulfill  our ambitions and goals in life. College pushes us to see where we are really heading in life and how much work we are willing to put into it. Throughout most people’s lives, they come up with an answer as to what degree they want to pursue in, but that does not answer the question of what you want to do with that degree. Most will ask what you are going to college for and answers such as, business, pre-med, teaching, etc. will come up; but no one thinks to ask, â€Å"What will you do with that degree?† Most of us get lost in the idea of graduating with a diploma in our hands that we forget what is most important. We need to be able to know who we are as a person, and what we want in life before we can begin to even imagine what our lives will be like. I can finally say, with confidence, that the career field I intend to aspire to is a healthcare administrator. To begin, I never knew exactly what I wanted to do when I first started college, which is, in fact, very common. I always felt as though I had to do something that would get the approval of other people in my life, such as my parents, relatives, and friends. As a result, I first decided to major in pre-med. Although I had interest in medicine and working with people in that field, I soon realized that I was lacking a certain passion that should come along with anything that you are pursuing or will be involved in with for the rest of your life. As I then changed my major from pre-med to business, I still wasn’t sure what job I would want with that major. In the beginning, I thought accounting or just simply marketing/management, but that was still very vague. After discussing what success means to me, gathering research, and learning what I am interested in or what I would want for myself, I found that I had an interest in becoming a healthcare administrator. A healthcare administrator is in charge of running and managing a healthcare facility or private medical center (Dutta, 2009). â€Å"He or she is involved with almost every aspect of running the facility efficiently, effectively, and productively and ensuring delivery of quality healthcare by doctors, staff members, technicians and nurses to patients† (Dutta, 2009, para 1). This career field is a good fit for me because I am able to work with those who I wished to have been working with if I had continued to pursue a  pre-med major, but in other ways. By becoming a healthcare administrator, I will be making sure that there will be given quality healthcare to patients. This is an appropriate substitute to caring for the patient hands on because I will still be making sure they are taken care of in the best way possible. This is also a good fit for me because as I talked to family members and friends, they all agreed that business is a better choice for me, but I should also b e working with people. By becoming a healthcare administrator, I will be capable of doing both. Business is usually thought of as desk jobs, or simply suite and ties, but I am determined to do and be more than that. For this job, there are many duties and skills that are critical for success; but most importantly, success is defined as more than the skills of the job. Success is about enjoying what you do and being happy with what you are doing, but at the same time, to be successful means to be able to get the job done in an efficient and effective way. There are many duties that this field requires. There are clerical duties, management duties, types of administrator duties, and training and compensation the job requires (Locsin, n.d.). In small offices, these clerical duties involve tasks such as answering phones, filing patient records, issuing and paying bills, and processing insurance claims. On the other hand, larger facilities may have enough work to assign a single task to inexperienced administrators (Locsin, n.d.). Although clerical duties are not as hands on with the type of work that I am interested in, it is necessary in order to get the job done. Management duties consist of individual or independent work and sometimes administrators are able to initiate projects. This job also includes consulting with department heads and medical staff on their administrative needs, takes care of maintaining and repairing their physical facilities, and represents their organizations at investor meetings or governing boards (Locsin, n.d.). Five important areas that are essential to be skilled in to becoming a successful healthcare administrator are economics, technology, communication, risk management, and strategic thinking (Yaremich, 2013). It is important to know what the economy is like to be able to sort out any expenses that may arise. By being aware, it will help with maintaining a quality care to the needs of patients. Technology  has continued to evolve throughout the years. It is being used for many different things and in different ways of how we operate on a day to day basis. Health records have now been converted electronically and patient records must be tracked; therefore, it is essential to be knowledgeable about various technologies that are being used today (Yaremich, 2013). Communication will always be an important skill to have, no matter what field you are in. Without good communication, the quality of work that is being done will potentially suffer. It is also important to be aware and to be able to communicate with the appropriate people in order to know the latest changes in health insurance, government policies and patient care standards that will have an affect on staff and consumers of your services, and how they relate to your company’s policies and protocols (Yaremich, 2013). Risk management is an important area to be skilled in because you need to be able to control your operation’s financial and safety risks (Yaremich, 2013). Lastly, strategic thinking is an important skill to have because being able to meet the needs of patient healthcare is very important. To be able to decide how and in what ways you can meet the needs of the community is a very important skill to have. You will need to think of ideas and plans of getting the necessary equipment or medicines that are needed or required. Skills that are going to set me apart from the crowd include hard work and ambitions, the need to accomplish my goals, my passion for helping others, and not only my communication skills, but also my listening skills. There is no question that hard work is necessary to be successful in life. What sets me apart from others is how hard I am willing to push myself to get the job done. My ambitions will help me accomplish more than others, and it will continue to help me look for new goals to achieve. My passion for helping others also sets me apart from the crowd because I have always wanted to be able to help others, no matter what I decided to do after college. It has always been a priority to do something that has meaning and importance in my eyes. By constantly wanting to help people, whether it may be in a big or small way, my passion for helping those in need, will make me a successful person. Lastly, not only will my communication skills help me accomplish my goals in life, but m ore importantly, my listening skills will set me apart from the rest. Although it is important to be able to communicate with those around you, sometimes  it is more beneficial to listen to what others need. By pursuing in a career field that requires assisting the health needs of others, it is imperative to listen to what those needs are in order to be able to do so. Listening is a skill that many cannot say they have. By paying close attention to what patients may need rather than what a hospital may want, will have large impacts on how healthcare administration operates. Although I may not have any experience within the field yet, the skills, knowledge, and ability that I bring to the table include: the skills that set me apart from the rest; the ability to learn quickly to accomplish tasks in an efficient and effective way; and the knowledge I have gained from my research, and the knowledge I will gain throughout my career in the future. As mentioned earlier, the skills that I have that will set me apart from others and what I am capable of bringing to the table are: the level of hard work I am willing to push myself to do, along with my ambitions to help me stay in the right direction; the need to accomplish my goals; my passion for helping others; and not only my communication skills, but my listening skills as well. With these skills, I know I will be able to do my job with a sense of satisfaction at the end of the day. Another aspect that I bring to the table is the ability to learn quickly to accomplish tasks in an efficient and effective way. In order to accomplish goals or tasks, you must first learn what is being asked of you and what is necessary to have to get the job done. You cannot learn if you do not ask questions; therefore, I will be asking questions in order to gain more knowledge and learn more quickly. This will, in effect, allow me to achieve my goals in a more efficient and effective way. Lastly, an important aspect that I bring to the table is the knowledge that I have gained from my research, and the knowledge I will continue to gain throughout my career. Knowledge that I have gained from my research include an overview of what a healthcare administrator is and the duties/responsibilities that come along with the job, working conditions/work environment, how healthcare executives and administration can help their employees work more efficiently and effectively, and the career skills that are needed. As stated previously, a healthcare administrator is in charge of running and managing a healthcare facility or private medical center (Dutta, 2009). Doctors, nurses and other healthcare staff have enough to do at medical facilities by  diagnosing and treating medical conditions. But unless they tend to administrative details such as marketing, accounting or budgeting, their healthcare enterprises cannot succeed. Healthcare managers and administrators handle the business end of the medical profession by performing several duties. (Locsin, n.d., para 1) These duties consist of clerical duties, management duties, types of administrator duti es, and training and compensation the job requires (Locsin, n.d.). Other responsibilities that this job requires is working with medical staff members, other employees, health specialists and the organization’s governing board or executive management in order to set budgets, schedules, and ensures availability of facilities with interaction with vendors for supplies, equipment, drugs, and medicines (Dutta, 2009). Work environments that healthcare administrators are faced with are mostly office environments in which they work with many people inside the hospital or with other businesses to ensure quality healthcare (â€Å"Healthcare Administrator†, n.d.). Although healthcare administrators do not generally deal directly with patients on a day-to-day-basis, â€Å"they help to shape policy, make needed changes and lead our nation’s health-related organizations in a way that serves individual patients by helping to improve the healthcare system† (â€Å"Health Administrator†, n.d., para 11). Knowledge I have also gained with my research is how healthcare executives and administration can help their employees work more efficiently and effectively. Three ways to do so would be to break down various barriers to optimal performance, create accountability structures, and standardize processes to eliminate unnecessary and redundant work (Herman, 2011). Lastly, knowledge that I have gained from my research is the skills that are needed for this career field. As discussed earlier, the areas of skills that are needed for this career field are economics, technology, communication, risk management, and strategic thinking (Yaremich, 2013). As technology advances and continues to change, so do people. The way we organize and keep files is now all through technology. To be successful in this field, you must be familiar with or be aware of the technology, software, etc. that is being used. As a healthcare administrator, you must be able to convert files and patient records electronically (Yaremich,  2013). Organizations, hospitals, companies, etc. have moved alongside the trend of developing apps and even carrying iPads within the facility. It is important to be familiar with and to understand the various technologies your patients use to track their health. These can include mobile apps, such as the ones for diabetics to keep tabs on their blood sugar levels, and video-conferencing software that connects housebound patients to your facility’s physicians. (Yaremich, 2013, para 5) These factors matter to this career field because it is imperative that you can access patient files and know their conditions. These factors tie into the needs of the patients and to be able to provide them adequate healthcare. In order for administrators to do this, they must first be familiar with any and all types of technology and software that are being used to store any important information. Every career field is faced with many challenges. A few challenges that healthcare administrators are faced with are competing for healthcare professionals, specializing for growth, preparing for the future, improving patient care through technology, and managing Medicare and Medicaid (Freel, 2012). Competing for healthcare professionals is a challenge because there is a shortage of healthcare professionals, which is hurting the profitability of hospitals (Freel, 2012). Due to this, healthcare administrators must make a plan to address the shortage and compete for the best employees without it costing hospitals as much. Hospital administrators need to build strong relationships with schools that offer healthcare-related degrees in their local communities and across the nation. Additionally, they must make working at their hospital attractive, which means thinking beyond competitive pay and benefits to ensuring each individual employee feels connected to the hospital and has a passion for working for the organization. (Freel, 2012, para 4) Next, specializing for growth becomes a challenge because hospitals are facing competition as new centers are being built. In order to resolve this problem, administrators must be willing to compete for patients and be prepared to sell their hospitals apart through a specialized care strategy (Freel, 2012). Preparing for the future is always difficult when we do not know what the future has in store for us. Due to the fact that hospitals are feeling more  pressure to meet the expectations of growing demand, they must ensure that the efforts of patient satisfactio n are aligned with what consumers expect (Freel, 2012). Improving patient care through technology is a challenge that healthcare administrators face because millions of dollars are being spent on technology, such as electronic medical record systems; but sometimes that may not be the best solution, and may not even benefit the patient. It is a challenge because healthcare administrators have the responsibility for ensuring efficient hospital operations and providing medical care to patients; therefore, they must keep up with advances in medicine, technology, and government regulations and policy changes (Freel, 2012). Lastly, managing Medicare and Medicaid is a challenge this career field faces because there is an abundant amount of people who are unemployed. This causes problems because healthcare administrators are challenged with providing healthcare to patients who are both, uninsured and underinsured, while maintaining fiscal responsibility (Freel, 2012). As a result, â€Å"healthcare administrators must find ways to offset these expenses, while expanding their healthcare services in areas where they can serve more patients† (Freel, 2012, para 14). Healthcare administrators are needed in hospitals, physician group practices, nursing homes, medical centers, etc. In order for doctors and nurses to do their job, they need heath care administrators to do theirs. In order for patients to acquire adequate healthcare, the talents of administrators are needed. We are responsible for making sure hospitals, healthcare facilities, medical centers, etc. are running efficiently and effectively in order to ensure quality healthcare for patients. â€Å"A healthcare administrator’s job is demanding and highly people-oriented. It calls for patience, understanding of evolving health practices and technology, and the ability to communicate effectively with varied audiences and stakeholders† (Dutta, 2009, para 5). In conclusion, after discussing what success means to me, gathering research, and learning more about myself and what I wanted, I discovered my interest in becoming a healthcare administrator. My passion for helping others and having a career in which I could benefit someone else’s life is  why this career field is a good fit for me. There are many skills that are necessary to have to be successful with this career, but I also have many skills that are going to set me apart from others. What I bring to the table are the skills that set me apart from the rest; the ability to learn quickly to accomplish tasks in an efficient and effective way; and the knowledge I have gained from my research, and the knowledge I will continue to gain throughout my career in the future. It is also important to keep up with the advances in technology to be able to provide quality healthcare to patients. Many industries might utilize the talents of this career field because healthcare administrat ors are needed in order for patients to receive quality healthcare from doctors, nurses, staff members, etc. Lastly, challenges will constantly arise with any profession, but it is important to know how to overcome those challenges in order to be successful. References Dutta, P. (2009, June 6). What Is a Healthcare Administrator? | eHow. eHow. Retrieved September 21, 2013, from http://www.ehow.com/facts_5075268_healthcare-administrator.html Freel, M. (2012, January 26). 5 Challenges Hospital Administrators Must Overcome to Succeed in Today’s Rapidly Changing Industry. 5 Challenges Hospital Administrators Must Overcome to Succeed in Today’s Rapidly Changing Industry. Retrieved September 22, 2013, from http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/hospital-management-administration/5-challenges-hospital-administrators-must-overcome-to-succeed-in-todays-rapidly-changing-industry.html Health Administrator | explorehealthcareers.org. (n.d.). Home | explorehealthcareers.org. Retrieved September 20, 2013, from http://explorehealthcareers.org/en/Career/56/H Healthcare Administrator. (n.d.). :: MHA Healthcareers Center ::. Retrieved September 22, 2013, from http://www.mshealthcareers.com/careers/hea Herman, B. (2011, December 6). 3 Ways Healthcare Exec utives Can Help Their Employees Work Smarter. Becker’s Hospital Review. Retrieved September 22, 2013, from http://www.beckershospitalreview.com/hospital-management-administration/3-ways-healthcare-executives-can-help-their-employees-work-smarter.html Locsin, A. (n.d.). What Are the Duties of a Healthcare Manager & Administrator? | Chron.com. Work – Chron.com. Retrieved September 20, 2013, from

Online business Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Online business - Research Paper Example No longer is it essential for stores to be a physical entity, but a virtual one that is accessed using a personal computer, items on sale viewed, selected, and then purchased all from the comfort of a chair at home. One then has to just wait for the delivery of these items. The Online Store The online store exists in virtual reality as an URL on the World Wide Web. Getting to the store requires using the URL to present the web pages of the store on the computer screen. The experience of window shopping as practiced earlier changes in with online stores. Surfing through the web site addresses of the several online stores from the luxury of chair at home, provides the window shopping experience. In the physical retail store a sales clerk helped one identify items of need, but in the online store one would have to go through the pages of the online store, identify items of interest, and look at the promotional offers on them before finalizing the purchase. In the physical store one push ed a cart around and dropped the chosen items in a cart and took it to a sales clerk, who tallied the items and presented a bill. The bill was then paid for by cash or credit cart. One walked out of the store the proud owner of the items purchased. In an online store there is the virtual cart. Clicking on the items one wishes to purchases, puts the items virtually into the cart, with the advantage of immediately knowing the total value of the purchases at that given time. Once the purchases have been completed, the different kinds of payment options appear on the screen. One then has to choose the payment option and provide the relevant details. The online store verifies the payment and then ships the items to you. All tat one has to do is await the delivery (Lohse & Spiller, 2003). The Advantages and Disadvantages of the Online Store The quick growth of on-line stores reflects the apparent advantages of an online store over the physical stores. On-line stores are quicker to set up in that there is no need to locate and rent or build physical space, once the necessary tie-ups with suppliers are complete. It is much easier and faster to set up the web site with the requisite number of pages containing the details of the business. In addition to the speed with which an online store can be set up, it is also less expensive to set it up. Building or rental costs are avoided, along with the need to buy and stock the goods. The products move out from the manufacturer or whole seller, with a limited investment in them. In addition to cost advantages in setting up an online store, there is the advantage of low operating costs, with added benefit of keeping the online store open 24 hrs a day, 7 days a week, and 365 days a year. There are also several competitive advantages, particularly from the perspective of customer. The foremost of these is convenience and flexibility in the actual purchase processes and the delivery of the purchased goods (Chakrabarti & Kardile, 2 002). Furthermore, the lower costs in setting up an online store and running it in comparison to a physical store translates into lower costs of the items, which is an attraction for customers (Keen Web Templates, 2011). It is not all hunky-dory for online stores. There are disadvantages too. Poor imagery on the websites leads to bad impressions of the products and the online store. In addition customers

Mitosis, Meiosis, and Mutation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Mitosis, Meiosis, and Mutation - Assignment Example Select each sample with your mouse and â€Å"drag† it to the virtual microscope in order to observe the cells in each sample. It was observed that 90 percent (nine cells) of the normal cells were in the anaphase stage of mitosis in the first sample while only 10 percent was in prophase. In the second sample, 90 percent of the cells were in anaphase while only 10 percent of the cells were in the telophase stage of mitosis. These two observations showed than in normal cells, only 10 percent of the cells were actively dividing at any given time. In sample 3, which was a cancerous tissue, 70% of the cells (7 cells) were in the interphase stage while 20 % (2 cells) were in the prophase stage. 10 % (1 cell) was in the anaphase stage. Similarly, in sample 4, 70 % of the cells were in interphase while 10% (1 cell) was in prophase, metaphase and telophase stages of mitosis. These findings showed that cancer cells have an abnormally higher rate of division and proliferation. Therefore, the results of the experiment were in line with the expected observations of the experiment. These findings suggest that a general approach to combat cancer is preventing the abnormal multiplication of cancerous cells. One such way is through eliminating the cancerous cells, which can be achieved through chemotherapy as well as radiation therapy. Chemotherapy involves the use of chemical agents that target certain stages in the cell cycle of cancerous cells (Priestman, 2012). In addition, anticancer drugs work against certain proteins that are vita in the survival of cancer cells. Radiotherapy, on the other hand, is the utilization of high-energy radiations to eliminate malignant cells (Reilly, 2010). The two methods may be used concurrently. Another treatment option is the surgical removal of the malignant cells. Though the mode of action of the various methods may differ, all cancer treatment methods aim at eradicating

Cultural bias in the assessment of english language learner students Essay

Cultural bias in the assessment of english language learner students - Essay Example English language countries have many rich cultural traditions and features that must be reflected in the assessment of English language learner students and other parts of the learning process. It is also pay attention to the students of different cultures who study English as the second foreign language and their possibilities to understand English through its culture expressed in the language and to compare their native cultures with the English one. It helps to make the learning interesting that improves the results of English language learner students' assessment. 2. It is better to consider the role of culture in English teaching and learning on the examples of some concrete countries cultures of which differ from that of English. The examples of Russia and Japan show considerable features in English language learning and teaching. "Native speaking English language teachers are very much needed in Russia and in most cases they are met with traditional Russian hospitality, get a decent pay according to Russian standards and receive good evaluations and references" (Millrood). Cultural features of Russia influence the teaching process and assessment. English lesson in Russia has some features. "A lesson usually has three-stages, including homework check up, presentation of the new material and reinforcement of the new material" (Millrood). ... "In pairs and small groups learners need a very detailed description of what they are supposed to do, otherwise tending to work individually and/or waiting to be asked by the teacher and to give the prepared answer" (Millrood). In pair and group activities in Russia learners must follow the teacher's instructions, and their assessment directly depends on task performance accuracy according to it. "Whole-language approach is not universally supported. A good lesson is considered to be competence-building. In every lesson, the teacher is expected to organise balanced activities in learning lexis and grammar, as well as in speaking, listening and reading" (Millrood). The learners' assessment is tightly connected with their skills of taking part in these balanced activities. In Russia "a lesson is usually result-oriented and it is the result, which is considered primary, not the activity, which may be very motivating and activating the learners" (Millrood). So, good assessment and a posi tive result are the main orients of the English language lesson in Russia. "At the end of the lesson, each learner usually gets a mark on a five-point scale with a detailed comment from the teacher" (Millrood). This kind of assessment of a five-point scale form doesn't reflect the whole depth of learner's knowledge and cannot be considered as the objective assessment of learning results. In Russian schools "a lesson is usually declared as communicative though in reality, teachers and learners spend a lot of time dealing with grammar structures, bilingual exercises and text understanding" (Millrood). Because of that the learners' assessment is often

Week 2 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week 2 - Coursework Example In this regard, comparative analysis of existing circumstance may influence the decision of an individual when it comes to ethics. In this respect, informed judgment must always be made by an individual to achieve the maximum results on the grounds of ethical expectations. When one is entangled in a situation where a difficult situation has to be made, exceptions on absolute ethical standards are always inevitable (Finser, 2003). There are various incidents that justifies disregard to absolute ethical standards. The motive may sometime justify an action and hence support deviation from absolute ethical standards. Take the instance where one plots to steal cakes to feed a starving family. Absolute ethical approach would consider this action as a wrong but the prevailing circumstance and motives turns out right. In this regard, the situation should be an exception of ethical absolutism. Another situation where the absolute ethical standard may disregarded is where one person is to be killed in an attempt to save several others. For instance, a driver who finds himself in a dilemma situation with a pedestrian to avoid hitting in an incident of brake failure while carrying several people may resort to running over the one pedestrian to save the mass. Although killing is wrong, acting in favor of the mass is ethically justified Finser, 2003). The examples and supportive facts discussed shows need to disobey absolute ethical standards in some